{"id":"subnet-four-reserved-ips-primary-range","text":"Each primary IPv4 subnet range has 4 unusable addresses: network (first), default gateway (second), second-to-last (reserved), and broadcast (last). Secondary ranges have no reserved addresses.","truth_value":"IN","source":"entries/2026/03/10/vpc-subnets.md","source_url":"","source_hash":"0a93f184ecf6ad03","justifications":[],"dependents":[],"metadata":{},"explanation":{"steps":[{"node":"subnet-four-reserved-ips-primary-range","truth_value":"IN","reason":"premise"}]}}